Anatomy of Lung

 Structure and Function 

of the Respiratory System

 

                                                                                
                                                 

Anatomy Of Lung

Respiratory system

Upper Respiratory  :

- Nose

- Pharynx

- Larynx

- sinus

NOSE

-Built from Cartilage bone and connective tissue.

-Cartilage Bone give shape of the external of nose

-opening of the nose called nostril / nasal

-Nostril is opening to one cavity called vestibule

-Vestibule is located at the anterior skin.

-Vibrisae (nose hair) inside the nostril-defence mechanism against the harmful pathogens and solid   particulate matter present in the air

-Septum separates the left nose and the right nostril

-Both the nostrils and nasal cavity are lined by mucous membranes(epitilial columna) along with cilia and mucus.  

-The mucus membran secrete the tick subtance called mucus.

-Mucus and cilia filter the air and prevent the entry of foreign particles such as microorganisms, dust and particulate matter inside the respiratory system

-Three horizontal outgrowths of bones along the vestibule called- conchae and Turbinates.

-Conchae and turbinates divide 3 grooves-like air passage.

-Conchae-increase the surface area of nasal cavity.

-Turbinates named as -inferior , middle and superior turbinates-IMPORTANT for maintaining the temperature of air, hunidification( up to 98% of water saturation)and filtration of the air when its passes.

-Underneath the mucous membrane, there are blood capillaries that help to warm the air.

                                                                

                                                                               
SINUS

-Located Surrounding the nasal region (paranasal sinuses).                                             

                                           

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- There are 4 subgroup of sinus -  Frontal Sinus 

                                                -  Ethmoidal  sinus

                                                -  Maxilary sinus

                                                -  Sphenoid sinus

- Function of sinus

• Humidification and warming of inspired air 
• Lightening of the skull 
• Improvement of vocal resonance
• Absorption  of shock to the face or skull
• Secretion of mucus to assist with air filtration. 

PHARYIX

- A  wide, fibromuscular passageway, commonly called the throat,Which extends from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertibrae. Behind the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, it becomes continuous with the esophagus.       

      The pharynx serves both the Respiratory System  and the Digestive system by receiving air from the nasal cavity and air, food, and water from the oral cavity.                                                     

                                                              The rest will upload soon....                                

Anatomy of Heart

 Anatomy of Heart

Physiology of Heart

(Circulating System)

Superior Vena Cava

The superior vena cava is one of the two main veins bringing de-oxygenated blood from the body to the heart. Veins from the head and upper body feed into the superior vena cava, which empties into the right atrium of the heart.

 

Inferior Vena Cava

The inferior vena cava is one of the two main veins bringing de-oxygenated blood from the body to the heart. Veins from the legs and lower torso feed into the inferior vena cava, which empties into the right atrium of the heart.

Aorta

The aorta is the largest single blood vessel in the body. It is approximately the diameter of your thumb. This vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the various parts of the body.


Pulmonary Artery

The pulmonary artery is the vessel transporting de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. A common misconception is that all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood. It is more appropriate to classify arteries as vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Pulmonary vein

The pulmonary vein is the vessel transporting oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium. A common misconception is that all veins carry de-oxygenated blood. It is more appropriate to classify veins as vessels carrying blood to the heart.

Right Atrium

The right atrium receives de-oxygenated blood from the body through the superior vena cava (head and upper body) and inferior vena cava (legs and lower torso). The sinoatrial node sends an impulse that causes the cardiac muscle tissue of the atrium to contract in a coordinated, wave-like manner. The tricuspid valve, which separates the right atrium from the right ventricle, opens to allow the de-oxygenated blood collected in the right atrium to flow into the right ventricle.

**further information will update soon!!

Anatomy Of Bones

   Human Skeleton      







Skeletal Function and Structures,
Types of fracture,




SKULL

Lateral Skull Body Landmark

 Anterior skull  Body Landmark        

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SCAPULA  

Anterior Scapula

Posterior Scapula

**Further information will update soon!!!

Medical Nursing

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