Structure and Function
of the Respiratory System
Anatomy Of Lung
Respiratory system
Upper Respiratory :
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- sinus
NOSE
-Built from Cartilage bone and connective tissue.
-Cartilage Bone give shape of the external of nose
-opening of the nose called nostril / nasal
-Nostril is opening to one cavity called vestibule
-Vestibule is located at the anterior skin.
-Vibrisae (nose hair) inside the nostril-defence mechanism against the harmful pathogens and solid particulate matter present in the air
-Septum separates the left nose and the right nostril
-Both the nostrils and nasal cavity are lined by mucous membranes(epitilial columna) along with cilia and mucus.
-The mucus membran secrete the tick subtance called mucus.
-Mucus and cilia filter the air and prevent the entry of foreign particles such as microorganisms, dust and particulate matter inside the respiratory system
-Three horizontal outgrowths of bones along the vestibule called- conchae and Turbinates.
-Conchae and turbinates divide 3 grooves-like air passage.
-Conchae-increase the surface area of nasal cavity.
-Turbinates named as -inferior , middle and superior turbinates-IMPORTANT for maintaining the temperature of air, hunidification( up to 98% of water saturation)and filtration of the air when its passes.
-Underneath the mucous membrane, there are blood capillaries that help to warm the air.
-Located Surrounding the nasal region (paranasal sinuses).
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- There are 4 subgroup of sinus - Frontal Sinus
- Function of sinus
PHARYIX
- Ethmoidal sinus
- Maxilary sinus
- Sphenoid sinus- Function of sinus
- Humidification and warming of inspired air
- Lightening of the skull
- Improvement of vocal resonance
- Absorption of shock to the face or skull
- Secretion of mucus to assist with air filtration.
PHARYIX
- A wide, fibromuscular passageway, commonly called the throat,Which extends from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertibrae. Behind the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, it becomes continuous with the esophagus.
The pharynx serves both the Respiratory System and the Digestive system by receiving air from the nasal cavity and air, food, and water from the oral cavity.
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